Research Questions What problems do soldiers have? What types of help did soldiers need to address their problems? What types of resources did soldiers use to try to meet their needs? How well, and easily, were their needs met? What impact do soldiers and their families believe they might experience if resources were no longer available? How are problems, needs, and resource use related to attitudes about the Army?
Soldiers and their families are susceptible to the same range of problems that face all families, but the nature of military service can exacerbate those problems or introduce new ones. The Army recognizes these challenges and has instituted a wide range of programs and services to help soldiers and their families deal with them. This report describes the results of a unique, holistic survey approach to understanding the most-pressing problems soldiers and their families face, the needs those problems generate, the use of resources available to address these needs, and barriers to using those resources. It also reports soldiers' perceptions about the effectiveness of the resources used and projected effect if those resources were no longer available, and it discusses the relationship between how soldiers address their pressing problems and important attitudes toward military service. The survey of more than 7,000 active component soldiers provided insights suggesting that Army programs generally meet the needs of soldiers and their families. There is room for improvement, however, because some soldiers encountered barriers to using resources, and the needs of some soldiers remained unmet even after reaching out to available programs and support providers. Soldiers with unmet needs had worse attitudes toward the Army than did those who accessed resources and had their needs met. We describe options for the Army to consider to improve the ability of leaders and programs to meet the diverse range of soldier and family needs.
Key Findings Problems with Military Practices and Culture Were the Most Pressing When asked which problem domains were the most pressing for them, soldiers most frequently reported Military Practices and Culture, followed by Work/Life Balance, Soldier's Own Well-Being, Health Care System Problems, and Relationship Problems. Soldiers Reported Needing Advice, Activities, and Support Soldiers who reported needs frequently identified the following needs: advice or education, activities, general information, counseling, and emotional support. Soldiers Sought Different Kinds of Help from a Variety of Resources, With Generally Satisfactory Results Of those soldiers who used resources, the majority used both military and nonmilitary resources. Many respondents reported seeking multiple resources. Popular military resources accessed by soldiers to address their needs included the chain of command, unit members not in the chain of command, and a doctor or counselor provided by the military. Popular nonmilitary resources included personal networks of family and friends and Internet resources. In general, both military and nonmilitary resources were rated at or above the midrange of the scale for meeting needs associated with specific problems. Reported barriers to resources used by soldiers to address their needs included long wait lists/response time for a military counselor or medical doctor and for child and youth services; the perception that contacting the chain of command might hurt a soldier's career; and the experience of chain of command being unwelcoming or unfriendly.
Soldiers who had one or more unmet needs had worse attitudes toward the Army than did those who accessed resources and had their needs met.
Soldiers who had needs but used no resources had similar attitudes to soldiers who accessed resources and had their needs met.
Recommendations In existing leadership training, discuss negative soldier perceptions regarding the chain of command and the potential consequences of those perceptions. Ensure that leaders know where to refer soldiers for each type of problem so that leaders' own lack of awareness or discomfort with sensitive issues does not lead to an implicit or explicit message to subordinates that they do not want to be approached. Seek additional ways to make soldiers and those who assist them more aware of available resources and how to get them. Options include additional training to noncommissioned officers to assist with navigation; additional marketing of Army Community Service and Army OneSource as one-stop referral sources; ensuring that resource providers are aware of other available resources for referrals; and communicating to soldiers about available services using email announcements and social media posts from unit leaders. Improve user navigation of resources and coordination among resources to improve efficiency. It may be possible to leverage existing program staff or enhance existing program descriptions to better assist users as they seek out military services to help meet their needs. Increase capacity for childcare, professional counseling and medical care. Although some of the barriers reported are not new issues, such as long wait times at Child and Youth Services and military treatment facilities, our survey results suggest that they are still persistent issues for soldiers and their families. Partner with civilian systems to address health care demand. Well-known models for partnering with the civilian health care system already exist, and our findings suggest it may be worthwhile exploring the policies necessary to facilitate these types of collaborations at the installation and regional level.
Table of Contents Chapter One
Introduction
Chapter Two
Survey Content and Method
Chapter Three
Survey Results
Chapter Four
Respondents' Use of Resources to Address Needs
Chapter Five
Unmet Needs, Resource Information and Perceived Impact, and Interrelations Among Problems, Needs, Resources, and Attitudes
Chapter Six
Conclusions and Recommendations
Appendix A
Survey Instrument
Appendix B
Additional Information on the Sample
Research conducted by RAND Army Research Division
This research was sponsored by the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy and Environment, and by the Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management and conducted by the Personnel, Training, and Health Program within the RAND Arroyo Center.
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