Kid-size doses of Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine appear safe and nearly 91% effective at preventing symptomatic infections in children ages 5-11, according to study details released by the drugmaker Friday as the U.S. considers opening vaccinations to that age group.

       The shots could begin in early November, with the first children in line fully protected by Christmas, if regulators give the go-ahead. That would represent a major expansion of the nation’s vaccine drive, encompassing roughly 28 million elementary school-age youngsters.

       Details of Pfizer’s study were posted online. The Food and Drug Administration was expected to post its own review of the company’s safety and effectiveness data later in the day.

       Advisors to the FDA will publicly debate the evidence next week. If the agency then authorizes the shots, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will make the final decision on who should receive them.

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       Full-strength Pfizer shots already are authorized for anyone 12 or older, but pediatricians and many parents are anxiously awaiting protection for younger children to stem rising infections and record hospitalizations among them from the extra-contagious Delta variant and to help keep kids in school.

       Science

       Pfizer asks U.S. to allow COVID shots for children ages 5 to 11

       Pfizer formally applies to the FDA for use of its COVID-19 vaccine in children ages 5 to 11. If regulators agree, shots could begin within weeks.

       The Biden administration has purchased enough kid-size doses — in special orange-capped vials to distinguish them from adult vaccine — for the nation’s 5- to 11-year-olds. If the vaccine is cleared, millions of doses will be promptly shipped around the country, along with kid-size needles.

       More than 25,000 pediatricians and primary care providers already have signed up to get the shots into little arms.

       The Pfizer study tracked 2,268 children in the 5-11 age group who got two shots three weeks apart of either a placebo or the low-dose vaccine. Each dose was one-third the amount given to teens and adults.

       Researchers calculated the low-dose vaccine was nearly 91% effective, based on 16 COVID-19 cases in youngsters given dummy shots versus three cases among vaccinated children. There were no severe illnesses reported among any of the youngsters, but the vaccinated ones had much milder symptoms than their unvaccinated counterparts.

       Most of the study data was collected in the U.S. during August and September, when the Delta variant had become the dominant COVID-19 strain.

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       Pfizer vaccine for kids may not be available until November

       Pfizer has submitted research to the FDA on the effectiveness of its COVID-19 vaccine in children, but reviewing it will take weeks.

       In addition, young children given the low-dose shots developed coronavirus-fighting antibody levels just as strong as teens and young adults who got regular-strength vaccinations.

       In another piece of encouraging news, the CDC reported earlier this week that even as the Delta variant surged over the summer, Pfizer vaccinations were 93% effective at preventing hospitalizations among 12- to 18-year-olds.

       Pfizer’s study of younger children found the low-dose shots proved safe, with similar or fewer temporary side effects such as sore arms, fever or achiness that teens experience.

       The study isn’t large enough to detect any extremely rare side effects, such as the heart inflammation that occasionally occurs after the second dose, mostly in young men.

       While children run a lower risk of severe illness or death than older people, COVID-19 has killed more than 630 Americans 18 and under, according to the CDC. Nearly 6.2 million children have been infected with the coronavirus, more than 1.1 million in the last six weeks as the Delta variant surged, the American Academy of Pediatrics says.

       World & Nation

       Pfizer says its COVID-19 vaccine is highly effective in children ages 12 to 15

       Pfizer says its vaccine works well for children as young as 12, raising hopes for the effectiveness of inoculations before the new school year.

       Moderna also is studying its COVID-19 shots in elementary school-age youngsters. Pfizer and Moderna are studying even younger children as well, down to 6 month olds. Results are expected later in the year.