India’s General Election

       What to Know ？？Why the Vote Takes So Long ？？Modi’s Growing Power ？？Rahul Gandhi’s Challenge ？？Opposition’s Failures

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       Free Food? Modi Makes Sure Every Indian Knows Whom to Thank for It.

       India’s welfare programs improve lives. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s party uses its vast machinery to ensure the handouts also create loyal voters.

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       Vinod Misra, a local Bharatiya Janata Party official, talking with a potter in Amethi, India, who received an electric potter’s wheel through a government program. Credit...Saumya Khandelwal for The New York Times

       By Suhasini Raj and Alex Travelli

       Suhasini Raj reported from Amethi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and from Pushkar in the state of Rajasthan. Alex Travelli reported from New Delhi.

       May 26, 2024, 12:01 a.m. ET

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       Durga Prasad, an 80-year-old farmer, was resting under the shade of a tree in front of his home when the party workers came. An app on their smartphones could tell them in an instant who Mr. Prasad was, whom he might vote for — and why he should be grateful to India’s prime minister, Narendra Modi.

       “You get installments of 2,000 rupees, right?” asked a local official from Mr. Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party, or B.J.P. Mr. Prasad concurred. He receives $72 a year through a farmers’ welfare program started and branded by Mr. Modi.

       “Do you get rations?” the official then asked, though he already knew the answer. He had made his point.

       Such handouts are among the most distinctive parts of Mr. Modi’s mass appeal. The country’s new airports, diplomatic prestige and booming stock markets may look like Mr. Modi’s calling card, but for the 95 percent of Indians who earn too little to file income taxes, small infusions of cash and household goods matter more. And Mr. Modi’s party is organized to make the most of them in the national election that ends early next month.

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       Durga Prasad, 80, receives three payments a year from a farmers’ welfare program, along with rations.Credit...Saumya Khandelwal for The New York Times

       India’s welfare programs are vast in reach and scope. Under the biggest, 821 million Indians are entitled to five-kilogram (11-pound) sacks of free rice or wheat every month. The government started doling out grain to prevent hunger early in the pandemic and has since committed $142 billion to the program. Mr. Modi’s face began appearing on the sacks in January.

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       Suhasini Raj is a reporter based in New Delhi who has covered India for The Times since 2014. More about Suhasini Raj

       Alex Travelli is a correspondent for The Times based in New Delhi, covering business and economic matters in India and the rest of South Asia. He previously worked as an editor and correspondent for The Economist. More about Alex Travelli

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