He has fittingly been called the first "free trader" in the Smithian sense. England was the only country to remain faithful to the principles of free trade. Trade was freer throughout the Western. Physiocrats demanded liberty of production and trade. In these conditions, the new conception about the international trade appears. Mill theory of international trade remained basically unimpared untill well into the 20th century. European trade pacts. Currencies were freely convertible into gold, which in effect was common international money. This body of doctrines, later named by Adam Smith the "mercantile system" or. Classical liberalistic school gave us three models of international trade.