Growth of eight core industries fell to 4.4 per cent in September from 11.5 per cent in the previous month due to flat fertilizer production, decline in crude oil output and slow down in expansion of electricity generation. This may drag down industrial output growth for the month as well despite building up of pre-festival stocks. The core sector has 40 per cent weight in the Index of Industrial Production (IIP).

       In fact, the core sector contracted sequentially by five per cent in September over August.

       While the growth in August had come on the low base of 6.9 per cent contraction in the same month of the previous year, the base in September was also not as high since the sector rose by just 0.6 per cent in the sixth month of FY'21.

       Madan Sabnavis, chief economist at CARE Ratings, said heavy rains in September hit the infrastructure activities, particularly construction, which pulled down growth.

       Aditi Nayar, chief economist at ICRA, said,"Lower core sector growth and the impact of semiconductor shortages on auto output are expected to dampen the September IIP growth to 3-5 per cent, despite the pre-festive season inventory buildup as suggested by the GST e-way bill data."

       E-way bills generation, which has to be done if one moves goods of at least Rs 50,000 by road, rose to 679.40 million in September from 658.93 million in August. IIP has been growing by at least double digits since March, 2021. It rose 133.5 per cent in April due to a low base.

       Sunil Kumar Sinha, principal economist at India Ratings, said," Clearly the path to a meaningful industrial growth recovery is still hazy."

       However, the eight-industry sector was up by 4.9 per cent in September over pre-covid level of September, FY '20.

       Core sector rose 16.6 per cent in the first half of the current financial year against a contraction of 14.5 per cent in the corresponding period of the previous year. However, its growth nosedived to 8.6 per cent in the second quarter of the current financial year against 82.1 per cent in the first quarter. Some slow down in growth was expected since the base effect of the first quarter was quite low.

       Any slow down in second quarter growth in IIP would affect industrial GDP for the period. However, industrial GDP is a value number, whereas IIP is a volume figure.

       Fertilizer output grew just 0.02 per cent in September against a fall of 3.1 per cent in August. DAP and other complex fertilizers output went down as companies cut down on their imports of raw materials because of sharp increase in international rates which made imports unviable even after subsidy support.

       Crude oil production continued to fall even as the rate of decline fell to 1.7 per cent in September against 2.3 per cent in August. In fact, crude production has been falling continuously over a year now. Sabnavis said this has to do with decline in investments by companies, particularly ONGC.

       Electricity generation rose by just 0.3 per cent in September against 16 per cent in the previous month. Sabnavis said it was due to lack of demand from commercial consumers, particularly the services sector which has still not been opened fully.

       Even as coal production growth also came down to 8.1 per cent in September against 20.6 per cent in the previous month, experts said coal production has been quihigh in the past few months -- 9.5 per cent in April, seven per cent in May, 7.4 per cent in June and 18.8 per cent in July-- which showed that coal shortage issues were more related to inventory management rather than fall in production.

       Though cement production growth was down to 10.8 per cent in September from 36.3 per cent in August, it has been maintaining significant expansion since April. This was due to infrastructure spending by the government particularly on roads and railways, said Sabnavis.