The Oxford University study of 29 countries shows the Covid crisis has caused the biggest decrease in life expectancy since the Second World War. At the 2020 death rate, English and Welsh men aged 60 would live 1.04 years less than in 2019 and 0.44 of a year less than 2015.

       Men born in 2020, if the death rate stayed the same, would live 1.15 years less than 2019.

       Women fare better with 60-year-olds in 2020 losing 0.88 of a year compared with 2019 and 0.18 less than 2015.

       Newborn girls would live 0.91 of a year less than if born in 2019.

       Out of the 29 countries, only men and women in Denmark and Norway and women in Finland avoided drops in life expectancy.