KOZELETS, Ukraine —

       As basic survival grows increasingly precarious, civilian evacuation efforts resumed Wednesday in Ukrainian cities battered by a Russian assault that shows no let-up after two weeks of relentless bombardment.

       Ukrainian authorities announced a daylong cease-fire, from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., along several corridors around the country that have been designated for the safe exit of residents. The routes cover some of the most beleaguered areas, including Mariupol in the south, Sumy in the northeast and parts of Kyiv, the capital.

       Deputy Prime Minister Iryna Vereshchuk said Moscow had agreed to the temporary truce in those places, but Ukrainian officials remain skeptical that Russian forces would respect the agreement. Previous cease-fire deals were effectively stillborn because of continued Russian shelling along the so-called humanitarian corridors, Ukraine says, with only the one from Sumy to the city of Poltava seeing an appreciable numbers of evacuees.

       “Hundreds of people were saved. The humanitarian corridor was delivered,” Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky said Wednesday. “But that’s only 1% of what needs to be done.”

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       He blamed the breakdown of past cease-fire agreements on Russian “savages” who kept up their attacks on defenseless civilians, and urged patience among his compatriots who are trying to reach safety.

       “Humanitarian corridors will still work,” Zelensky said. “And only time separates you from freedom.”

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       The Ukrainian leader, whose frequent video addresses in his military-olive T-shirt have endeared him to his people for their mix of defiance and encouragement, also thanked President Biden for his decision Tuesday to ban U.S. imports of Russian oil and gas.

       “I’m grateful personally to U.S. President Biden for this decision, for his leadership, for this most powerful signal to the whole world,” Zelensky said. “It is very simple: Every penny paid to Russia turns into bullets and shells which are directed at other countries.”

       Hopes of moving more Ukrainians out of the way of those bullets and shells were revived with the announcement of six evacuation corridors to allow residents to leave the embattled cities of Mariupol, Enerhodar and Volnovakha in the south, Izyum in the east, Sumy in the northeast and several towns around Kyiv.

       The routes all lead to other parts of Ukraine, following anger over Moscow’s former offer of safe routes that would funnel refugees to Russia itself and to its ally Belarus, which was a launch pad for invading forces from the north.

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       Ukrainian troops in Irpin, on the outskirts of Kyiv, dig in as a long column of Russian tanks advances toward them. They vow to fight to the end.

       The mayor of Irpin, a hard-hit Kyiv suburb, said priority would be given to women and children at various assembly points where buses would be waiting to ferry them to safety.

       “It is possible to leave in your own car as part of the convoy, so come to the indicated addresses!” the mayor said on his Facebook page. “Please spread this information as much as possible!!!”

       More than 2 million people have already fled Ukraine, the United Nations says, making it Europe’s fastest-growing refugee crisis since World War II. Most have gone west, to Poland and Hungary, in such numbers that others are now heading south, to Romania, to avoid the bottleneck.

       Despite spirited resistance from both regular and irregular Ukrainian fighters, Russian troops continue to try to draw the net tighter around key cities. The Ukrainian military’s general staff said Russian forces were placing equipment at farms and residences around Chernihiv, about 85 miles northeast of Kyiv.

       Residents of Chernihiv have been leaving the city to escape the heavy fighting there, with some reporting that it was now under de facto Russian control. With the highway to Kyiv cut, those fleeing traversed back roads through small towns and villages.

       Here in Kozelets, about halfway between Chernihiv and Kyiv, nervous villagers trained a machine gun at every passing car on the highway to the capital.

       “Yesterday we had more than 100 refugees pass by from Chernihiv,” said Irina, an administrator in Kozelets who gave only her first name.

       At a small local hospital, Andre Kholyavko, 32, was recovering from shrapnel wounds to his right arm, which lay bandaged and scarred by his side. Kholyavko left Chernihiv on the first day of the invasion, evacuating his mother, wife and 4-year-old son to Slabin, a small village outside the city.

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       But Russian shells followed him there: Late last week, as he collected wood with his son and her sister, the rockets started raining down.

       “I barely had time to cover my son,” he recalled.

       In southern Ukraine, the military general staff said Russian soldiers disguised as civilians were trying to infiltrate Mykolaiv, a shipbuilding hub whose capture would be key to establishing a stranglehold along the Black and Azov seas. Kherson, about 40 miles southeast of Mykolaiv, is now under Russian control — the only significant city so far to fall, at least officially, since the invasion began Feb. 24.

       The Russians had overrun Mykolaiv’s airport, but it was retaken by Ukrainian forces, the region’s governor, Vitaliy Kim, said earlier this week.

       An elderly woman is wheeled in a shopping cart after being evacuated from Irpin, on the outskirts of Kyiv, Ukraine, on Tuesday.

       (Vadim Ghirda/AP)

       On Wednesday, Kim said food and water supplies remained stable, but some residents were leaving because of the attacks from the air.

       “That’s why people are moving to the west — not because we have any humanitarian catastrophe,” Kim told the BBC. “They are afraid of bombs.”

       He sounded an optimistic note on the ability of his city to hold out under the constant barrage.

       “We’re going to defend and attack also. The enemy is very exhausted – he is without diesel and without ammo, no motivation,” Kim said. “So I think the situation is not very bad for us.”

       Bulos reported from Kozelets and Chu from London.