GREENSBORO, North Carolina/WASHINGTON - Dressed in her school's signature blue and gold colours, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University student Nia Heaston strolled around campus, marvelling at the buzz during its 98th homecoming weekend in late October.

       Like thousands of students, alumni and supporters of the nation's nearly 100 historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), Ms Heaston was quickly swept up in the weekend-long celebration of black culture, tradition, school pride and community spirit.

       HBCUs were once the only places where black Americans could pursue higher education when discriminatory laws barred them from attending predominantly white universities.

       Attracting celebrities and politicians, the festivities featured step shows - percussive, stomping and clapping dance routines - by black fraternities and sororities. Gospel singers poured their hearts out. Models strutted down runways in shiny chainmail tops and floor-length fur coats under blue and purple lights.

       Marching bands played and swayed while crowds moved with the music before a football showdown with a rival HBCU.

       "HBCUs aren't just schools for black students - they're homes," said Ms Heaston, a 21-year-old sophomore from Detroit.

       Amid all this, zealous volunteers engaged potential voters, urging them to exercise their power as citizens to be heard.

       Homecoming weekends in many battleground states had extra significance this year - weeks before the Nov 5 election with Howard University graduate Kamala Harris, a Democrat, running for the White House against Republican former president Donald Trump.

       Young Americans could play a crucial role in the race, with many voting for the first time in a presidential election.

       Ms Heaston, who hails from the swing state of Michigan, helped coordinate early voting initiatives like "Walk to the Polls," which gathered students to walk less than a mile (1.6km) to vote at the campus' polling site.

       HBCU campuses were pulsing with excitement as generations gathered, knowing that Ms Harris has a chance of becoming the first HBCU graduate in the Oval Office.

       At North Carolina A&T, the step show burst into electrifying dance rhythms, with intricate footwork and synchronised claps that echoed throughout the First Horizon Coliseum.

       At Howard University, members of the Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc, which Ms Harris belongs to, lined a hall in formation, adorned in green while holding pink pom poms.

       HBCUs have long been cultural and politically active hubs among black communities, playing a prominent role in elections and the civil rights movement. Famous alumni include Morehouse College graduate Martin Luther King, Jr.

       Ms Harris has spoken frequently about how her years at Howard University in Washington, DC, influenced her career.

       "It challenges the narrative that HBCUs are somehow not on par with other universities," said Mr Ed Sanders, a political strategist and Howard alum.

       Targeting undecided voters, Ms Harris and Trump have invested heavily in political ads and multiple visits to battleground states, such as North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Georgia, where more than a dozen HBCUs are located. Trump won North Carolina by nearly 75,000 votes in 2020.

       "North Carolina is in desperate need" of student votes, said Ms Tiffany Seawright, North Carolina A&T director of leadership and engagement, as 1990's R&B music blasted at a tailgate, a social gathering held in parking lots, where hundreds lined up for barbecued ribs and fried catfish.

       Ms Seawright urged students to cast their ballots at an early voting campus site.

       Both campaigns have made last-ditch efforts to court young adults, who can be harder to reach than those aged 30 and above.

       Ms Harris has received strong support among some groups of black Americans, considered the Democratic Party's most loyal voting bloc, including young women, by engaging them on social justice and abortion rights.

       But young voters have criticised the Biden-Harris administration for its support of Israel over the war in Gaza and raised concerns about Ms Harris' support among black men.

       Trump has reportedly gained traction among black males, but some Democratic strategists say that has been exaggerated. A recent NAACP survey found from August to October, the percentage of black men under 50 likely to vote for Trump fell from 27 per cent to 21 per cent, while support for Ms Harris rose from 51 per cent to 59 per cent.

       However, Ms Harris' lead over Trump dwindled in the final stretch of the race to a single percentage point over the Republican, 44 per cent to 43 per cent, a Reuters/Ipsos poll on Oct 29 showed.

       The parties must "make voters feel like they are in a long-term relationship," said Dr Basil Smikle Jr, a political strategist and policy adviser.

       The Harris campaign did not respond to Reuters' request for comment. However, the campaign announced plans in September to partner with local campaigns to reach HBCU students during homecomings, emphasising schools in swing states North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Georgia, a state President Joe Biden won by a razor-thin margin of 12,000 votes in 2020.

       Trump campaign spokesperson Janiyah Thomas said it is "seizing the opportunity to connect with young black voters" by highlighting initiatives that have benefited HBCUs and their home states.

       Nonprofit Vote.org told Reuters it has registered over one million voters aged 18-24 this election cycle by targeting underrepresented groups and first-timers in voter drives and other outreach to students on HBCU campuses and in areas with large numbers of voters of colour.

       Vote.org chief executive officer Andrea Hailey cited "unprecedented" youth engagement this election cycle, with voters under 35 accounting for nearly 80 per cent of all new registrations on the organisation's platform during the 2024 cycle, up from 64 per cent in 2020.

       Mr Justice Montgomery, an NC A&T freshman, registered to vote in July during band camp. The drummer plans to cast his ballot on campus with fellow members of the band called the Blue and Gold Marching Machine.

       "Originally, I couldn't even see myself going to vote," the Georgia native said. "We took a break from the music just to dive deep" into some ballot issues, Mr Montgomery said after performing in NC A&T's homecoming parade to cheers that also greeted dance teams; the campus king, queen and other "royal court" members; and a banner of blue balloons spelling out "Kamala".

       BlackPAC CEO Adrianne Shropshire said homecoming events allow candidates to make a final push and have "substantive conversations with folks who are still on the fence."

       BlackPAC, a left-leaning political action committee, has collaborated with Howard University students to engage their peers while celebrating their centennial homecoming.

       Howard student Chloe Enoch, 21, said this year's election and Ms Harris' run have already inspired younger generations.

       Ms Harris, the HBCU's most famous alumna, was featured on clothing, pins and other merchandise. Howard alumni waved paper fans showing her face on the front and early-voting and election dates on the back.

       This homecoming is about realising "how important your vote is," said first-time voter Kadin Wooten, 19. She took a six-hour train ride home to New Haven, Connecticut, after class to vote in person.

       Seeing a Howard graduate on the ballot energised clothing brand owner Travis Merritts, 21, a senior at the university.

       At the homecoming, Mr Merritts sold T-shirts emblazoned with Ms Harris' 1986 Howard graduation picture. He drove several hours south to Florence, South Carolina, to cast his first vote in person because he felt it was significant.

       "I'm happy that I get to be involved in possibly setting history," Mr Merritts said. REUTERS