The protection of cyberspace, the information medium, has become a vital national interest because of its importance both to the economy and to military power.... It might therefore seem obvious that maneuvering in cyberspace is like maneuvering in other media, but nothing would be more misleading.... Cyberspace has its own laws; for instance, it is easy to hide identities and difficult to predict or even understand battle damage, and attacks deplete themselves quickly....

a question is usually the wrong one to ask about cyberwar( war carried out by attacking information

Deterrence by itself is a fragile basis for strategic thinking.... Thus, I start by placing deterrence within a broader framework of objectives and then discuss special features of the cyber attack challenge, distinguishing different classes and contexts of cyber threats.... My discussion ends with suggestions for policymakers and scholars....

Testimony presented before the U.S. China Economic and Security Review Commission on January 27, 2011. Research conducted by RAND Project AIR FORCE This report is part of the RAND Corporation testimony series.... RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law.... For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit the RAND Permissions page. The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis....

He said: “ The Russian invasion of Ukraine is a stark reminder that the world is becoming increasingly dangerous and uncertain with war on land coming to Europe for the first time in decades.... Role in combating cyber warfare Ben Wallace, the Defence Secretary, described Sir Patrick as “ an exceptional military leader ” and said the “ Army will benefit greatly from his knowledge and experience ”.... He said that in his current position as head of Strategic Command, Sir Patrick has “ played a

cannot be a problem.... Thus operational cyberwar decisions need not be made by the president, at

.... He added: “ Europe generally needs military capabilities.“ Take the cyberwar.... In Lithuania or

fought on the ground, Russia has been waging cyberwar against Ukraine for years—including an attack

Research Questions How should the Air Force integrate kinetic and nonkinetic( cyber) operations?... The genesis for this work was the broader issue of how the Air Force should integrate kinetic and nonkinetic operations.... Central to this process was careful consideration of how escalation options and risks should be treated, which, in turn, demanded a broader consideration across the entire crisis-management spectrum....

Fox News host Tucker Carlson has compared the spectre of a Russian invasion of Ukraine with that of Mexico falling under the military control of China.... Given that Ukraine formally requested admission into NATO back in 2008, the Fox host made a bizarre comparison closer to home in an attempt to illustrate his point.“ Imagine if Mexico fell under the direct military control of China.... We would see that as a threat....